SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW: PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN SCIENCE CAPITAL TERHADAP POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR DI INDONESIA

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the potential of the science capital approach in developing the critical thinking skills of elementary school students in Indonesia through a systematic literature review. The method used was a systematic literature review (SLR) following the PRISMA protocol. Literature searches were conducted on Google Scholar, Sciencedirect, ERIC, and Scopus databases, resulting in 15 reputable international and national journal articles that met the inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed thematically to identify patterns and relationships. The results reveal that the science capital approach which encompasses dimensions of science literacy, social capital, scientific attitudes, and science experiences—holds significant potential for fostering critical thinking skills. The mechanism occurs through the creation of an inclusive and contextual learning environment, where learning is connected to students' daily lives (such as renewable energy issues), thereby sparking curiosity and confidence to question. This approach also empowers student voice and exposes them to complex, authentic problems, which spur the processes of analysis, evaluation, and information synthesis. However, its implementation in Indonesia remains limited, characterized by a lack of teacher understanding, a scarcity of teaching materials that operationalize the concept, and a classroom culture oriented toward rote learning. The study concludes that the science capital approach has a strong theoretical and empirical foundation for further development. Therefore, the creation of innovative teaching materials, such as student worksheets based on science capital for specific topics, coupled with teacher training, is a strategic recommendation for realizing this potential in the Indonesian context.