A GOVERNANCE-ORIENTED MODEL OF TRI DHARMA INTEGRATION FOR STRENGTHENING INTERNAL QUALITY CONTROL AND HIGHER EDUCATION ACCREDITATION

Abstract

This study examines the literature on the implementation of the National Higher Education Standards (SNPT) in Indonesia, focusing on the integration of the Three Pillars of Higher Education (Tri Dharma: Education, Research, and Community Service). The primary issue identified is the tendency for fragmented implementation (silos), where research and community service outputs are often disconnected from the classroom learning process. Using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method and content analysis of articles published between 2018–2025, this study aims to map integration models and identify managerial challenges in meeting these standards. The findings indicate that integrating Research Standards (I) into Education Standards (A-H) is most effective through the Research-based Learning (RBL) model, while Community Service Standards (J) are optimally integrated through project-based Service Learning. However, the success of this integration relies heavily on the support of managerial standards, particularly management (F), financing (G), and lecturer competence (D), managed within a Total Quality Management (TQM) framework. This study concludes that substantive SNPT compliance requires a governance transformation from mere administrative compliance to a quality culture that ensures a continuous feedback cycle between the three pillars.